Aterectomia coronária com Excimer Laser como tratamento adjuvante da subexpansão grave do stent com calcificação volumosa / Excimer Laser coronary atherectomy as adjunctive treatment of severe stent underexpansion with bulky calcification

A aterectomia coronária com Excimer Laser melhorou significativamente nos últimos anos, utilizando emissão ultravioleta de alta energia e comprimento de onda curto, com menor penetração e menor emissão de calor, resultando em menos danos aos tecidos e menos complicações. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 66 anos, ex-tabagista, hipertenso, diabético, dislipidêmico. Foi submetido a múltiplas intervenções coronárias percutâneas na artéria descendente anterior com stents não farmacológicos e farmacológicos. Na última intervenção coronária percutânea, o stent foi subexpandido, e o paciente apresentou trombose aguda do stent e reestenose recorrente do stent. Foram realizadas novas intervenções coronárias percutâneas com aterectomia coronária com Excimer Laser adjuvante, devido à angina refratária, com uso de carga progressiva e injeção de soro fisiológico, seguidas de posterior insuflação de balão de alta pressão e implante de stent farmacológico, com resultado excelente. No acompanhamento de 8 meses, o paciente se manteve assintomático.

Excimer Laser coronary atherectomy has improved significantly in recent years, emitting high-energy ultraviolet and short wavelength with less penetration and heat emission, ultimately leading to less tissue damage and fewer complications. We described a case of a 66-year-old male patient, former smoker and suffering from hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. He underwent multiple percutaneous coronary interventions in the left anterior descending artery with bare metal and drug-eluting stents. In the last percutaneous coronary intervention, the stent was underexpanded and the patient presented acute stent thrombosis and recurrent stent restenosis. New percutaneous coronary interventions with adjunctive Excimer Laser coronary atherectomy were undertaken due to refractory angina, using progressive load and saline injection, followed by subsequent high-pressure balloon inflation and drug-eluting stent implantation with an excellent result. At 8-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic.

COVID-19 myocarditis: a case report.

A male patient with flu-like symptoms and tomography and laboratory diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. He developed acute cardiac dysfunction during admission and was submitted to a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging examination, which confirmed acute myocarditis, indicating cardiac involvement by coronavirus disease 2019. A review and discussion about coronavirus disease 2019-related cardiac manifestations are reported, focusing on the imaging findings to make diagnosis.

COVID-19 myocarditis: a case report / Miocardite na COVID-19: um relato de caso

ABSTRACT A male patient with flu-like symptoms and tomography and laboratory diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. He developed acute cardiac dysfunction during admission and was submitted to a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging examination, which confirmed acute myocarditis, indicating cardiac involvement by coronavirus disease 2019. A review and discussion about coronavirus disease 2019-related cardiac manifestations are reported, focusing on the imaging findings to make diagnosis.

RESUMO Paciente do sexo masculino apresentando síndrome gripal aguda com diagnóstico tomográfico e laboratorial de infecção por síndrome respiratória aguda grave. Evoluiu com disfunção cardíaca aguda durante a internação, motivo pelo qual foi submetido à ressonância magnética cardíaca, que confirmou miocardite aguda, indicando acometimento cardíaco por COVID-19. Foram realizadas revisão e discussão sobre o acometimento cardíaco na COVID-19, com ênfase nos aspectos por imagem para o diagnóstico.

Arritmias cardíacas na sala de emergência e UTI. Anticoagulação do paciente com FA aguda submetido a cardioversão: já podemos contar com os novos anticoagulantes orais? / Cardiac arrhythmias in the emergency room and ICU. Anticoagulation of the patient with acute af undergoing cardioversion: can we rely on the new oral antioagulants?

A fibrilação atrial (FA) é a arritmia cardíaca mais comum na população com uma prevalência de 1-2%, além disso, está associada a um risco, aproximadamente cinco vezes maior de acidente vascular cerebral do que na população em geral. A anticoagulação é a melhor maneira de prevenir os eventos tromboembólicos. A varfarina é utilizada há décadas como uma droga segura e eficaz, desde que rigorosamente controlada. Nos últimos anos, foram desenvolvidas novas classes de anticoagulantes orais: inibidores diretos da trombina e inibidores do fator Xa, conhecidos como anticoagulantes orais de ação direta (DOACs). Tanto a cardioversão elétrica quanto a cardioversão farmacológica estão associadas a um maior risco de eventos tromboembólicos durante o primeiro mês após o procedimento (5-7%). No entanto, com a utilização de nticoagulantes essa taxa é inferior a 1%. No presente artigo, faremos uma revisão das principais evidências científicas relacionadas ao uso da dabigatrana, rivaroxabana, apixabana e edoxabana durante a cardioversão e uma abordagem prática com o manejo antitrombótico em diferentes cenários clínicos (cardioversão em pacientes com uso prévio de DOACs, cardioversão em pacientes com FA com duração maior ou menor que 48 horas sem anticoagulação)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice with a prevalence of 1-2%, and is associated with an almost 5-fold increase in the risk of stroke compared to the general population. Anticoagulation is the best way to prevent thromboembolic events. Warfarin has been used for decades as a safe and effective drug, provided it is strictly controlled. In recent years, new classes of oral anticoagulants have been developed: direct thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors, known as direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Both electrical and pharmacological cardioversion are associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events during the first month after the procedure (5-7%). However, with the use of anticoagulants, this rate is less than 1%. In this article, we will review the main scientific evidence related to the use of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban during cardioversion and a practical approach with antithrombotic management in different clinical scenarios (cardioversion of patients in previous use of DOACs, cardioversion of patients not using oral anticoagulants with episodes of AF longer or shorter than 48 h)

Gender-related differences on short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare gender-related differences in outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI over a long-term follow-up period.BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been considered the standard therapy for patients with inoperable or high-risk symptomatic aortic stenosis. The influence of gender-related differences in outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI is currently on debate.METHODS: From January 2008 to January 2015, 819 patients (49% men) underwent TAVI and were included in a multicenter Brazilian registry. Patients were followed-up and clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the updated Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 497 ± 478 days. Compared with women, men had a lower rate of major or life-threatening bleeding (12.0% vs. 20.6%; HR = 0.57 [95CI% 0.40-0.81]; P = 0.001), and major vascular complications (6% vs. 11.7%; HR = 0.50 [95CI% 0.31-0.82]; P = 0.004). At 30 days, all-cause mortality was lower in men than in women (6.5% vs. 11.5%; P = 0.013), however, cumulative all-cause mortality was similar between groups (25.9% vs. 29.7%, men and women, respectively, HR = 0.92 [95CI% 0.71-1.19]; P = 0.52) over the entire follow-up period. By adjusted Cox regression model, renal function, diabetes, peripheral artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remained independently predictors of all-cause mortality...

Desempenho de Escores de Risco Cirúrgico para Prever Mortalidade após Implante Transcateter de Valva Aórtica / Performance of Surgical Risk Scores to Predict Mortality after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

AbstractBackground:Predicting mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains a challenge.Objectives:To evaluate the performance of 5 risk scores for cardiac surgery in predicting the 30-day mortality among patients of the Brazilian Registry of TAVI.Methods:The Brazilian Multicenter Registry prospectively enrolled 418 patients undergoing TAVI in 18 centers between 2008 and 2013. The 30-day mortality risk was calculated using the following surgical scores: the logistic EuroSCORE I (ESI), EuroSCORE II (ESII), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score, Ambler score (AS) and Guaragna score (GS). The performance of the risk scores was evaluated in terms of their calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test) and discrimination [area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve (AUC)].Results:The mean age was 81.5 ± 7.7 years. The CoreValve (Medtronic) was used in 86.1% of the cohort, and the transfemoral approach was used in 96.2%. The observed 30-day mortality was 9.1%. The 30-day mortality predicted by the scores was as follows: ESI, 20.2 ± 13.8%; ESII, 6.5 ± 13.8%; STS score, 14.7 ± 4.4%; AS, 7.0 ± 3.8%; GS, 17.3 ± 10.8%. Using AUC, none of the tested scores could accurately predict the 30-day mortality. AUC for the scores was as follows: 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49 to 0.68, p = 0.09] for ESI; 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.64, p = 0.42) for ESII; 0.57 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.67, p = 0.16) for AS; 0.48 (95% IC: 0.38 to 0.57, p = 0.68) for STS score; and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.42 to 0.62, p = 0.64) for GS. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test indicated acceptable calibration for all scores (p > 0.05).Conclusions:In this real world Brazilian registry, the surgical risk scores were inaccurate in predicting mortality after TAVI. Risk models specifically developed for TAVI are required.

ResumoFundamento:Ainda é desafiador prever a mortalidade de pacientes que se submetem ao TAVI (sigla do inglês Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation).Objetivos:Avaliar o desempenho de cinco escores de risco para cirurgia cardíaca em prever mortalidade em 30 dias de pacientes inscritos no Registro Brasileiro de TAVI.Métodos:O Registro Multicêntrico Brasileiro inscreveu prospectivamente 418 pacientes submetidos ao TAVI em 18 centros entre 2008 e 2013. Os seguintes escores cirúrgicos foram usados para calcular o risco de mortalidade no período de 30 dias: EuroSCORE I (ESI) logístico, EuroSCORE II (ESII), STS Score (STS), Ambler Score (AS) e Guaragna Score (GS). O desempenho dos escores de risco foram avaliados através de sua calibração (teste Hosmer-Lemeshow) e discriminação [área sob a curva (AUC) do inglês receiver-operating characteristic curve)].Resultados:A idade média foi de 81,5 ± 7,7 anos. A prótese aórtica CoreValve (Medtronic) foi usada em 86,1% da coorte e a abordagem transfemural usada em 96,2%. A mortalidade observada no período de 30 dias foi de 9,1%. A mortalidade no período de 30 dias prevista pelos escores foi: ESI, 20,2 ± 13,8%; ESII, 6,5 ± 13,8%; STS, 14,7 ± 4,4%; AS, 7,0 ± 3,8%; GS, 17,3 ± 10,8%. Nenhum dos escores testados com a AUC foi capaz de prever a mortalidade no período de 30 dias de forma precisa. As AUC para os escores foram: 0,58 [95% de intervalo de confiança (IC): 0,49 a 0,68, p = 0,09] para ESI; 0,54 (IC de 95%: 0,44 a 0,64, p = 0,42) para ESII; 0,57 (IC de 95%: 0,47 a 0,67, p = 0,16) para AS; 0,48 (IC de 95%: 0,38 a 0,57, p = 0,68) para STS e 0,52 (IC de 95%: 0,42 a 0,62, p = 0,64) para GS. O teste Hosmer-Lemeshow indicou uma calibração aceitável para todos os escores (p > 0,05).Conclusões:Neste registro brasileiro de mundo real, os escores de risco cirúrgico foram imprecisos para prever a mortalidade após o TAVI. São necessários modelos de risco desenvolvidos especificamente para o TAVI.

Performance of surgical risk scores to predict mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

BACKGROUND: Predicting mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains a challenge. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of 5 risk scores for cardiac surgery in predicting the 30-day mortality among patients of the Brazilian Registry of TAVI. METHODS: The Brazilian Multicenter Registry prospectively enrolled 418 patients undergoing TAVI in 18 centers between 2008 and 2013. The 30-day mortality risk was calculated using the following surgical scores: the logistic EuroSCORE I (ESI), EuroSCORE II (ESII), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score, Ambler score (AS) and Guaragna score (GS). The performance of the risk scores was evaluated in terms of their calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test) and discrimination [area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC)]. RESULTS: The mean age was 81.5 ± 7.7 years. The CoreValve (Medtronic) was used in 86.1% of the cohort, and the transfemoral approach was used in 96.2%. The observed 30-day mortality was 9.1%. The 30-day mortality predicted by the scores was as follows: ESI, 20.2 ± 13.8%; ESII, 6.5 ± 13.8%; STS score, 14.7 ± 4.4%; AS, 7.0 ± 3.8%; GS, 17.3 ± 10.8%. Using AUC, none of the tested scores could accurately predict the 30-day mortality. AUC for the scores was as follows: 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49 to 0.68, p = 0.09] for ESI; 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.64, p = 0.42) for ESII; 0.57 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.67, p = 0.16) for AS; 0.48 (95% IC: 0.38 to 0.57, p = 0.68) for STS score; and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.42 to 0.62, p = 0.64) for GS. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated acceptable calibration for all scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this real world Brazilian registry, the surgical risk scores were inaccurate in predicting mortality after TAVI. Risk models specifically developed for TAVI are required.

Resultados e perspectivas do implante valvar transaórtico (TAVI) / Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: current status and future perspectives

A estenose aórtica é a doença vaI var cardíaca mais comum. Sua prevalência aumenta com a idade, afetando aproximadamente 3% da população com idade superior a 75 anos. Há décadas, a substituição cirúrgica da valva aórtica é o tratamento de eleição para pacientes com estenose aórtica importante sintomática, propiciando alívio dos sintomas e aumento da sobrevida. Entretanto, o risco cirúrgico aumenta com o avançar da idade e com a associação de comorbidades, o que faz com que mais de 1/3 dos idosos com estenose aórtica sintomática sejam recusados para a cirurgia. Frente a essa necessidade, Alan Cribier, em 2002, realizou o primeiro implante percutâneo de uma bioprótese valvar aórtica em seres humanos. No Brasil, a experiência com o implante valvar aórtico por cateter iniciou- se em janeiro de 2008, com a aprovação e disponibilidade do sistema CoreValve. Para avaliar os resultados desta nova modalidade de tratamento em nosso meio, a Sociedade Brasileira de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Intervencionista criou o Registro Brasileiro de Implante de Bioprótese Valvar Aórtica por Cateter. As evidências clínicas, empregando as próteses expansível por balão Sapien (Edwards Lifesciences) e autoexpansível CoreValve (Medtronic), indicam tratar-se de um procedimento seguro e altamente eficaz em pacientes selecionados. Atualmente, o implante de bioprótese aórtica por cateter é considerado a terapia de escolha para pacientes com estenose aórtica importante considerados inoperáveis e uma alternativa menos invasiva à cirurgia para pacientes com alto risco cirúrgico.

Aortic stenosis is the most common heart valve disease. Its prevalence increases with age, affecting approximately 3% of the population aged over 75 years. For decades, surgical aortic valve replacement has been the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, providing relief of symptoms and increased survival. However, surgi cal risk increases with advancing age and with the association of comorbidities, which means that more than one third of elderly patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis are deemed inoperable. Given this unmet clinical need, Alan Cribier, in 2002, performed the first transcatheter aortic valve implantation in humans. In Brazil, the experience with transcatheter aortic valve implantation began in January 2008, with the approval and availability of the CoreValve system. To evaluate the results of this new treatment modality in Brazil, the Brazilian Society of Interventional Cardiology created the Brazilian Registry ofTranscatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Clinical evidence, employing the balloon-expandable Sapien prosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences) and self-expanding CoreValve (Medtronic), indicate that it is a safe and highly effective procedure in selected patients. Currently, the transcatheter aortic valve implantation is considered the "gold standard" treatment for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis deemed inoperable and an attractive alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients at high surgical risk.

Hérnia encarcerada em orifício de trocarte lateral diagnosticada por tomografia computadorizada / Incarcerated hernia in a lateral trocar site diagnosed by computed tomography

Incisional hernia is an uncommon complication in laparoscopic surgery. The majority of the hernias are located in the umbilical site. Nevertheless, they can occur in the lateral trocar site, although they are rarely diagnosed. We report a case of a 55 year-old patient who underwent a videolaparoscopic hysterectomy and developed small bowel obstruction on the third postoperative day. This initially gave rise to the diagnosis of paralytic ileum. The definitive diagnosis of incarcerated hernia in the lateral trocar site was established after an abdominal computed tomography was performed.